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SAN FRANCISCO Cheap Nike Air Force 1 Low UK , July 20 (Xinhua) -- A new study shows that"infant-directed speech," often called "parentese," the speechstyle parents use to talk to their babies, which has simplergrammar, higher and exaggerated pitch, and drawn-out vowels Cheap Nike Air Force 1 UK Online , iseffective for infants to learn foreign language.

"Our research shows that parentese helps babies learn language,"said Naja Ferjan Ramirez, a research scientist at the University ofWashington (UW) Institute of Learning & Brain Sciences(I-LABS), about the study published this week in Mind, Brain, andEducation Cheap Nike Air Force 1 UK Sale , a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal.

For years, scientists and parents have touted the benefits ofintroducing babies to two languages, as bilingual experience hasshown to improve cognitive abilities, especially problem-solving.For infants raised in households where two languages are spoken,that bilingual learning happens almost effortlessly. But how canbabies in monolingual households develop such skills?

In the new study, researchers developed a play-based Cheap Nike Air Force 1 Shoes UK , intensive,English-language method and curriculum and implementing it in fourpublic infant-education centers in Madrid, Spain.

Sixteen UW undergraduates and recent graduates served as tutors,undergoing two weeks of training at I-LABS to learn the teachingmethod and curriculum before traveling to Spain. Based on years ofI-LABS research on infant brain and language development, themethod emphasizes social interaction, play Cheap Nike Air Force 1 Kids UK , and high quality andquantity of language from the teachers.

The European country's extensive public education system enabledthe researchers to enroll 280 infants and children from families ofvarying income levels.

Babies aged 7 to 33.5 months were given one hour of Englishsessions a day for 18 weeks, while a control group received theMadrid schools' standard bilingual program. Both groups of childrenwere tested in Spanish and English at the start and end of the 18weeks. The children also wore special vests outfitted withlightweight recorders that recorded their English learning. Therecordings were analyzed to determine how many English words andphrases each child spoke.

The children who received the UW method showed rapid increasesin English comprehension and production, and significantlyoutperformed the control group peers at all ages on all tests ofEnglish.

By the end of the 18-week program, the children in the UWprogram produced an average of 74 English words or phrases perchild, per hour; children in the control group produced 13 Englishwords or phrases per child, per hour.

The findings indicate that babies from monolingual homes candevelop bilingual abilities at this early age Cheap Nike Air Force 1 Mens UK , Ferjan Ramirez said."With the right science-based approach that combines the featuresknown to grow children's language, it is possible to give veryyoung children the opportunity to start learning a second language,with only one hour of play per day in an early educationsetting."

Follow-up testing 18 weeks later showed the children hadretained what they learned. The gains were similar between childrenattending the two schools serving predominantly low-incomeneighborhoods and the two serving mid-income areas, suggesting thatwealth was not a significant factor in the infants' ability tolearn a foreign language.

Children's native language, namely Spanish, continued to grow asthey were learning English Cheap Nike Air Force 1 Womens UK , and was not negatively affected byintroducing a second language.

"Science indicates that babies' brains are the best learningmachines ever created, and that infants' learning istime-sensitive. Their brains will never be better at learning asecond language than they are between 0 and 3 years of age," saidco-author Patricia Kuhl, co-director of I-LABS and a UW professorof speech and hearing sciences.

Kuhl believes that the results of the study have the potentialto transform how early language instruction is approached in theUnited States and worldwide. Enditem

SYDNEY, Aug. 9 (Xinhua) -- Vulnerable and low-income Australians are struggling to make ends meet according to a new report released Wednesday that calls for a review on skyrocketing energy and utility prices in Australia.

The report conducted by the Victorian Council of Social Services (VCOSS) and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT) made a number of recommendations to government in order to alleviate some of the pressure that everyday Australians are facing when it comes to their ever-increasing utility bills.

In Australia, the poverty line is calculated using the same standards applied by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Nike Air Force 1 UK Outlet , which stipulate that anyone who has an income of less than 50 percent of the average annual income is determined to be living in poverty.

From the most recent estimates from the Australian Council of Social Service (ACOSS), the poverty line equates to 400 Australian dollars (314.90 U.S. dollars) per week for a single adult - and in their October 2016 Poverty in Australia report - ACOSS estimated that 2.9 million people, or 13.3 percent are living below the poverty line in Australia, along with 17.4 percent of all children.

At the time of the report's release, chief executive of ACOSS Cassandra Goldie was outraged about the lack of action being taken to ensure that those who are suffering in poverty in Australia are being adequately protected.

"The overall picture from the last decade is one of persistent and entrenched poverty across the community with an increase in child poverty," Goldie said.

"It is a national shame that after 25 years of economic growth Nike Air Force 1 UK For sale , we have not done better at changing this trajectory and ensuring our most precious national resource, our children, are given the best possible start in life."

One such person who is currently living in poverty, and being affected b

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